MapUpdate: The Supreme Court issued a decision on April 20, 2020  holding that the patent statute (35 U.S.C. § 314(d)) bars judicial review of a PTAB decision of whether an inter partes review petition is time-barred pursuant to 35 USC 315(b). As stated by the Court, the PTAB’s “application of §315(b)’s time limit, we hold, is closely related to its decision whether to institute inter partes review and is therefore rendered nonappealable by§314(d).”

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Original Post: The Patent Trial and Appeal Board recently designated five opinions as “precedential.” Each of these opinions addresses procedural aspects of AIA proceedings, including requests for additional discovery, the one-year time period for filing a petition, amending claims, and requirements for PTAB consideration of a petition. A summary of each opinion follows.
Continue Reading PTAB Provides Procedural Guidance with Five Precedential Opinions

stamp denied with red text on whiteResponsive to public interest in whether it is too difficult for Patent Owners to amend claims during PTAB Trials, the Patent Office recently published a study providing aggregate data about motions to amend filed with the PTAB since its inception in 2013.  The study, which was published by PTAB Chief Judge Nathan Kelly in the May 9, 2016 edition of the USPTO’s “Director’s Forum Blog,” confirms what the public, and certainly the patent bar, has suspected since the AIA created the PTAB to handle IPR, CBM, and PGR Trials: (1) that Patent Owners very rarely filed motions to amend, and (2) motions to amend, when filed, are rarely successful.
Continue Reading Motion(s) to Amend (Almost Always) Denied!

BoxerIn IPR2015-01537, Momenta petitioned for IPR of claims 1-15 of U.S. Patent No. 8,476,239 owned by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) on grounds of obviousness over three references: Cohen, Shire, and Carpenter.  Petitioner also relied on expert testimony.  The claims recite formulations containing CTLA4Ig, which is a stabilized form of a negative regulator (checkpoint inhibitor) of the immune system useful in treating autoimmune disease and rheumatoid arthritis, for example.  The Patent Owner opposed institution by attacking the Petitioner’s position as failing to provide a reason to combine the cited references and as relying on impermissible hindsight in arriving at a formulation that satisfied all features recited in the claims (i.e., tonicity, pH, excipient concentration, excipient:therapeutic mass ratio, volume, and stability). 
Continue Reading Supporting Evidence, Not Counter-Punching, May Be Needed In An IPR

Line of business people in profileBiotechnology patent applicants dissatisfied with the examination of their patent applications can look to the PTAB for relief by filing an appeal – but they will need to be very, very patient. The procedures created by the America Invents Act (AIA) for challenging U.S. patents – inter partes review, post grant review, and covered business methods – have transformed strategies for contesting the validity of patents.  In just a few years, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) has become one of the busiest forums for contesting patent validity, due in part because the PTAB must complete its review within 18 months of receiving a petition. Patent applicants dissatisfied with a patent examiner’s rejection of their patent application may appeal the rejections to  the same PTAB that administers AIA trials. But, these applicants cannot expect the PTAB to decide their appeal with the same timeliness with which the PTAB completes AIA trials.
Continue Reading Patent Applicants Who Appeal Must Wait Their Turn with the PTAB

In IPR2015-00208, Shinn Fu petitioned for IPR of USPN 6,681,897 owned by Tire Hanger.  All five claims of the patent were drawn to methods of supporting vehicle wheels removed from a vehicle while on a service lift, wherein the supports would allow technicians to remove and replace the wheels without risking back injury by bending.  By all accounts, Shinn Fu mounted a strong attack against all claims in the ‘897 patent, and the PTAB instituted review.  Foregoing a dogged defense of the granted claims, Tire Hanger maintained a clear head and responded to the petition by filing a contingent motion to amend the claims rather than a Patent Owner Response. 
Continue Reading PTAB Grants Motion to Amend Claims

Bottle of Ooze

Biotech companies have increasingly found themselves the target of IPRs, and we have discussed this in some of our past posts.  Meanwhile, in the District Courts, biotech companies are defending against a new wave of challenges to the patent-eligibility of their inventions under 35 U.S.C. § 101.  While challenges under § 101 cannot be raised as grounds in an IPR, the PTAB has required proof of eligibility where patent owners have sought to amend their claims during IPRs.  In at least two final written decisions in IPRs, the PTAB denied motions to amend claims because the PTAB concluded the amended claims recited subject matter ineligible for a patent under § 101 and in view of previous rulings in related district court proceedings that claims of similar scope were ineligible subject matter. 
Continue Reading Patent Ineligibility Under §101 Continues Slow Ooze Over More Territory

ClockNow that Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee has been submitted to the Supreme Court, the next issue that may well make its way to the Court is the propriety of the Federal Circuit’s standard of reviewing the PTAB’s AIA trial decisions. Currently, the Federal Circuit reviews these decisions for substantial evidence. At least four Federal Circuit Judges do not, however, think that the court’s application of that review standard is consistent with the AIA and have concluded that the standard makes too little sense in the context of an appeal from the PTAB’s IPR decision. But because the court is bound by Supreme Court precedent to apply that standard of review, the Federal Circuit issued an order denying a petition Merck & Cie recently filed asking the full Federal Circuit to rehear a late-2015 decision issued by a divided three-judge panel in Merck & Cie v. Gnosis S.p.A., 808 F.3d 829 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (discussed here and here), rehearing en banc denied (Apr. 26, 2016) (order linked here).
Continue Reading On the Clock: Appellate Standard of Reviewing PTAB’s AIA Trial Decisions

This Blog previously highlighted the risks involved when a petitioner does not submit an expert declaration with their petition.  This risk may be lessened where the “the invention and prior art references are directed to relatively straightforward and easily understandable technology.” [Paper No. 41 at 17 n.6 of IPR2014-00169] (ruling in favor of petitioner despite its failure to present expert declaration until its Reply brief).  However, a petitioner should strongly consider submitting an expert declaration to support their arguments in technology areas that are considered complex. 
Continue Reading It’s Complicated: PTAB Reinforces Notion That Petitioners Should Consider Expert Testimony in Complex Technology Areas

Child thinking with Pros and Cons on a blackboard concept for choice, for and against, confusion, inspiration and solution

The Federal Circuit recently confirmed the Board’s interpretation that § 315(e) estoppel does not take effect with respect to prior art that the Board declines to address as redundant. In two recent cases, Shaw Industries Group v. Automated Creel Sys., Nos. 15-1116, 15-1119, __ F.3d __, at*6-9 (Fed. Cir. Mar. 23, 2016) and HP, Inc. v. MPHJ Tech. Invs., No. 2015-1427, __ F.3d __, at *13 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 5, 2016) the court held that “the noninstituted grounds do not become a part of the IPR” and, thus, estoppel does not apply to those grounds in a subsequent court or Board proceeding.Continue Reading Without Estoppel, Are Redundant Grounds Now a Petitioner’s Friend?

The PTAB’s final written decision in Ariosa Diagnostics, Inc. v. Illumina, Inc., IPR2014-01093, should serve as a reminder to Petitioners challenging claims under 35 U.S.C. § 102(e) – take care to establish that your reference is prior art. 
Continue Reading Failure to Establish Published U.S. Application is Prior Art Dooms IPR under Dynamic Drinkware